The best specialist doctor in Cairo is Dr. Mohamed El-Qady, a consultant in ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) surgeries and Head & Neck surgeries.

Diagnosis of Head and Neck Tumors:

• Clinical examination of the oral and nasal cavities, as well as the neck, throat, and tongue.

• Limited endoscopies that can be performed in clinics.

• Laboratory tests.

• Imaging of the head and neck using CT scans, MRI, or PET scans.

• Taking a biopsy (tissue sample) and examining it in the lab.

Treatment of Head and Neck Tumors:

The three main therapeutic measures available for head and neck cancer cases are surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Sometimes, some patients may receive all three treatments.

Surgeons may remove the tumor along with a portion of the surrounding healthy tissue. Lymph nodes in the neck may also be removed if cancer spread is suspected. Surgery in the head and neck areas may alter the patient's appearance, as well as their ability to chew, speak, and swallow. For these reasons, patients may require reconstructive surgery and speech therapy sessions post-operation.

Prevention of Head and Neck Cancer

Smoking is the most common cause of head and neck cancer. To reduce the risk, quitting all forms of tobacco use is recommended. Additionally, the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to certain head and neck cancers.

Visiting your doctor at the first sign of symptoms can prevent the worsening and progression of the disease.

Diagnosis and Surgery for Skull Base Tumors

Skull base tumors are considered rare and complex due to the intricate bony structure of the skull. Anatomically, the skull is divided into three regions: the anterior part (including the eye socket, forehead, and facial cavity), the middle part (containing the temple and inner ear), and the posterior part (the back of the head).

What Are the Types of Skull Base Tumors?

There are many types of skull base tumors, classified according to the tumor type and its location within the skull base—whether in the anterior, middle, or posterior region. Some of these tumors include:

• Anterior region tumors

• Benign tumors such as meningioma and papilloma

• Malignant tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

• Lateral and posterior region tumors

• Benign tumors such as meningiomas, schwannomas, and chondromas

• Malignant tumors such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Risk Factors for Skull Base Tumors

We don't know the exact cause of skull base tumors... but it may result from one of the following reasons:

• Exposure to radiation.. such as radiotherapy in the head and neck area

• Exposure to certain chemicals like arsenic and pesticides

• Some genetic hereditary conditions

How are Skull Base Tumors Diagnosed?

To diagnose skull base tumors, the doctor performs a clinical visual examination and evaluates basic head functions such as visual field and acuity, hearing, speech, smell, and taste - all of which may be affected by the developing tumor. The doctor also performs a neurological examination to check balance, reflexes, and muscle movement ability. There are other diagnostic methods that may be used, most notably:

Neck enlargement: The neck contains many components, organs, glands, muscles, blood vessels, etc... Therefore, it's susceptible to many types of enlargements and tumors.

There are two common reasons for neck lumps:

Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck due to either infections or cancerous enlargement. The presence of an enlarged nodule or cyst in the thyroid gland. In addition to many tumorous cysts, congenital cysts, neurofibromas, and others that may appear in the neck at different life stages.

How is a Neck Tumor Diagnosed?

We rely on medical examination and thorough medical history for diagnosing neck lumps, then we perform what we deem appropriate for each patient individually in terms of tests like lab work and imaging.

Ultrasound imaging gives us an indispensable picture for many neck lumps. We can use it to differentiate between many benign and malignant tumors.

Then comes the role of other imaging if needed... such as CT scans and MRI.

We also don't overlook the role of pharyngeal and laryngeal endoscopy in evaluating neck masses... as it may help diagnose internal tumors that might not show externally except as neck enlargement (like cancerous lymph node enlargement in cases of laryngeal or nasopharyngeal cancer). It also gives us an idea of the mass's enlargement and its internal effects like pressure on internal organs or obstruction of the larynx or pharynx, or impact on vocal cords.

Sometimes we resort to taking a tissue biopsy from the tumor for diagnosis.

What medical services does Dr. Mohamed El-Qady provide? Diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical services

• Diagnosis of neck lumps and tumors.

• Taking neck samples under ultrasound guidance.

• Surgical biopsies of neck lymph nodes.

• Excision of neck cysts.

• Excision of neck tumors.

• Excision of branchial cleft cysts in the neck.